The Deployment of Energy Sources and The Inherent Social Welfare Costs
Mehrshad Radmehr
Abstract
This study explores the long-run effect of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on the welfare cost. The human welfare cost of ambient particulate matter exposure, occupational particulate matter exposure, and household air pollution were examined. The data of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development between period 1990 – 2019 were used. Contrary to non-renewable energy, conventional mean-based panel estimators showed that renewable energy has an insignificant link with the health cost of ambient particulate matter exposure. Moreover, renewable energy consumption significantly and negatively affected the health cost of household air pollution. Furthermore, renewable, and non-renewable energy consumption showed a statistically insignificant effect on the welfare cost of occupational particulate matter exposure. Quantile dynamics uncover a dependent inverted U-shaped relationship between non-renewable energy utilization and the health risks of occupational particulate matter exposure.